Abstract
The international Task Group of the Joint Working Group of Federation Dentaire Internationale-International Standards Organization conducted an extensive round-robin test program using six laboratories and five brands of instruments, 7,200 in all, to determine appropriate minimum values for torque and angular deflection of endodontic files and reamers. The results show a wide range of values within each brand of instrument as well as between brands. Overall, values reported by the testers were consistent.
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