Abstract
We measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and after irradiation. We irradiated one group of samples with 70 MeV protons, a second group of samples with fast reactor neutrons (defined as energy greater than MeV), and a third group of samples with 200 MeV pions, in steps, to () × 1015 protons/cm2, () × 1016 neutrons/cm2, and () × 1014 pions/cm2, respectively. By observing the charge induced due to the separation of electron–hole pairs created by the passage of the hadron beam through each sample, on an event-by-event basis, as a function of irradiation fluence, we conclude all datasets can be described by a first-order damage equation and independently calculate the damage constant for 70 MeV protons, fast reactor neutrons, and 200 MeV pions. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 70 MeV protons to be 10−18 cm2, the damage constant for diamond irradiated with fast reactor neutrons to be 10−18 cm2, and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 200 MeV pions to be 10−18 cm2. The damage constants from this measurement were analyzed together with our previously published 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation damage constant data to derive the first comprehensive set of relative damage constants for Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. We find 70 MeV protons are 2.60 ± 0.29 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, fast reactor neutrons are 4.3 ± 0.4 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, and 200 MeV pions are 3.2 ± 0.8 more damaging than 24 GeV protons. We also observe the measured data can be described by a universal damage curve for all proton, neutron, and pion irradiations we performed of Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. Finally, we confirm the spatial uniformity of the collected charge increases with fluence for polycrystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond, and this effect can also be described by a universal curve.
Highlights
Diamond-based radiation monitors are routinely used in high-energy physics experiments (e.g., at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1])
Where qsignal is the average of the measured signal charge spectrum in units of e and 36 e is the average number of electron–hole pairs created per micron for a minimum ionizing particle (MIP)
For the pion irradiated samples, the damage model was fitted separately to the data of single-crystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) (scCVD) and polycrystalline CVD (pCVD) diamond samples irradiated with pions and the observed damage constants were combined
Summary
Diamond-based radiation monitors are routinely used in high-energy physics experiments (e.g., at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1]). The work described used the same methodology to measure the damage constants of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond irradiated with 70 MeV protons, fast reactor neutrons with energies greater than 0.1 MeV, and 200 MeV pions. In this manuscript, we derive universal curves for the damage as a function of fluence and the full width at half maximum divided by its most probable value (FWHM/MP) of the signal spectrum as a function of fluence which may be used to predict the effects of radiation on any planned diamond detectors
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