Abstract
With the aim of understanding the phase structure of nuclear matter created in high-energy nuclear collisions at finite baryon density, a beam energy scan program has been carried out at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In this mini-review, most recent experimental results on collectivity, criticality and heavy flavor productions will be discussed. The goal here is to establish the connection between current available data and future heavy-ion collision experiments in a high baryon density region.
Highlights
Most of the visible matter in our universe can be described by the Quantum Chromdynamics (QCD), the standard theory of strong interactions
The first-order phase boundary line must end at finite baryonic density, this is the illusive QCD critical point (CP)
Plot (a) shows the chemical freeze-out temperature Tch as a function of the baryonic chemical potential μB. Both ALICE at LHC and STAR at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) results clearly show that at the vanishing baryon density, i.e., at high collision energy, the data driven freeze-out temperature is consistent with the Lattice calculation, Tch ∼ 160 MeV
Summary
Most of the visible matter in our universe can be described by the Quantum Chromdynamics (QCD), the standard theory of strong interactions. At the zero baryonic density, the transition from QGP to hadronic matter is a smooth-crossover at T = 150 − 160 MeV [5,6,7,8,9], see dashed-line in the figure These results are extracted from the state of the art Lattice gauge theory calculations. Plot (a) shows the chemical freeze-out temperature Tch as a function of the baryonic chemical potential μB Both ALICE at LHC and STAR at RHIC results clearly show that at the vanishing baryon density, i.e., at high collision energy, the data driven freeze-out temperature is consistent with the Lattice calculation, Tch ∼ 160 MeV.
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