A Study of the Population Density of Aphids and Coccinella septempunctata on Different Wheat Cultivars

Abstract

Background: Wheat is considered one of the primary and strategic grain crops in the world in terms of production and importance. The increment in both quantity and quality of wheat production renders it susceptible to various pests and diseases, including both insects and non-insect pests. The study aims to study the extent of infection of the IPA 99, IPA 22 and Abu Ghraib wheat varieties with aphids. Methods: A general survey of aphids on Abu Ghraib, IPA 99 and IPA 22 wheat varieties was carried out in the fields of the College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad in Abu Ghraib during the growing season 2021-2022. Result: The results of the field survey indicated the presence of three species of aphids on the wheat crops belonging to the order Hemiptera and the family Aphididae: the wheat aphid [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)], the oat aphid [Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)] and the corn aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis). Wheat and oat aphids were the most commonly found on the crops. The presence of aphids on the plants was affected by the predominant environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, the chemical components of the host plants and the interactions between these factors. Additionally, we identified one type of predator belonging to the order of Coleoptera, the seven-spotted ladybug (Coccinella septempunctata), which was observed to be affected by the pest density. Aphids are a major pest of wheat in Iraq and they can cause significant losses of crops if their population is not controlled.