Abstract

The normal limits of A0 QRS and A0 T in the frontal plane and their relationship to each other have been defined. It has been shown that the QRS-T angle in the frontal plane is not only a function of magnitude but depends on the absolute A0QRS direction itself. As A0QRS shifts left, A0T lags behind so that when A0QRS is less than 0°C, the normal A0T is always to the right of A0QRS. A converse relationship has been demonstrated in vertical hearts. These findings should be of practical value to the interpretor of 12-lead electrocardiograms in which the Einthoven triangle defines the frontal plane. However, we are aware of the limitation of our results which are obtained from a sample of hospitalized patients with a normal cardiovascular system.

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