Abstract
This work studied the role of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different spherical sizes mixed with poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) as a hole transfer layer to enhance the efficiency (ITO/PEDOT:PSS (AuNPs)/CuPc/C60/Al) organic photovoltaic cell (OPV). AuNPs were synthesized using the thermochemical method and the results of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the gold nanoparticles mostly dominated by spherical shapes and sizes were calculated in the range (12–23 nm). Measurements of UV-VIS spectra for AuNPs have shown that the surface plasmon resonance shifted to a higher wavelength with decreasing the particle size. Surface morphology and absorption spectra of OPV cells were studied using atomic force microscope and UV-VIS spectrometer techniques. The efficiency of the OPV cell was calculated without and with AuNPs. Efficiency was increased from 0.78% to 1.02% due to the embedded of AuNPs with (12 nm) in PEDOT/PSS. The increase in the light absorption in CuPc is due to the good transparent conducting of PEDOT:PSS and the increase in the electric field around AuNPs embedded in PEDOT:PSS and inbuilt electric field at the interfacial between CuPc and C60 is due to the surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs. The increase in these two factors increase the exciton generation in CuPc, dissociation at the interfacial layer, and charge carrier transfer which increases the collection of electrons and holes at cathode and anode.
Highlights
Gold nanoparticles prepared in the range (1–100 nm) have distinct optical and physical properties depending on their size and shape [1, 2, 3]
Kim et al compared the efficiency of organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) cells and found that they changed from 1.28% and 1.31% when using a new style of forming Ag back electrode forming using a bonding process instead of a conventional screen-printed Ag
After incorporating the AuNPs into PEDOT:PSS film, all these values were enhanced as shown in Table 2 and JSC was increased from 5.7 mA/cm2 to 6.61, 6.50, 6.38, 6.29, 6.18, and 6.05 mA/cm2, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 0.78% to 1.02, 0.95, 0.92, 0.91, 0.87, and 0.84 when PEDOT:PSS was embedded with 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, and 23 nm respectively
Summary
Gold nanoparticles prepared in the range (1–100 nm) have distinct optical and physical properties depending on their size and shape [1, 2, 3]. Improved the efficiency of the organic solar cell by doping aluminum microstructures in (PEDOT:PSS) buffer layer and observed an increase in both current density, and fill factor due to due to increase of the transport charge carriers [38]. PEDOT: PSS is embedded with gold nanoparticles of different sizes and deposited on a conducting glass (Glass/ITO) as a thin film to use a hole transport layer for the organic solar cell. These organic solar cells rely on the thin film of CuPc/C60 as a donor and acceptor, respectively. The effect of Au nanoparticle sizes on the power conversion efficiency was investigated to achieve the optimum conditions for increased efficiency
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