Abstract
Graphene has been one of the most tested materials since its discovery in 2004. It is known for its special properties, such as electrical conductivity, elasticity and flexibility, antimicrobial effect, and high biocompatibility with many mammal cells. In medicine, the antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor properties of graphene have been tested as intensively as its drug carrying ability. In this study, the protective effect of graphene oxide against Rubella virus infection of human lung epithelial carcinoma cells and human chondrocyte cells was examined. Cells were incubated with graphene oxide alone and in combination with the Rubella virus. The cytopathic effect in two incubation time periods was measured using DAPI dye as a percentage value of the changed cells. It was shown that the graphene oxide alone has no cytopathic effect on any of tested cell lines, while the Rubella virus alone is highly cytopathic to the cells. However, in combination with the graphene oxide percentage of the changed cells, its cytotopathicity is significantly lower. Moreover, it can be concluded that graphene oxide has protective properties against the Rubella virus infection to cells, lowering its cytopathic changes to the human cells.
Highlights
Graphene oxide (GO) is one of numerous nanomaterials whose use in various biological and medical fields seem to have great prospects
The obtained pattern was correlated with the reference standard of the graphite that was used as a substrate, ascribed to the R-3mR space group from Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD-29123)
The obtained pattern was correlated5wofi1t5h the ref standard of the graphite that was used as a substrate, ascribed to the R‐3mR space from Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD‐29123)
Summary
Graphene oxide (GO) is one of numerous nanomaterials whose use in various biological and medical fields seem to have great prospects. Free stable graphene oxide was discovered in 2004 by A.K. Geima and K.S. Novoselov and since it has been the object of scientists’ interest due to its unique properties and structure [1]. Two-dimensional, one-atom layers of graphene molecules can be used to form three-dimensional structures, such as fullerenes or nanotubes. Inside them various active substances can be packed and released in the destination site [2]. Due to the fact that pristine graphene has no electric charge—it is neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic—it seems to be a perfect drug carrier for the storage of active substances that can be released directly into the target [3,4,5]
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