Abstract
Bench scale simulations of the activated sludge process have been operated at different sludge ages to examine the role of this factor in determining the removal of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in the activated sludge process. Jar tests have been used to investigate the effects of changes in the mixed liquor suspended solids concentration and effluent chemical oxygen demand values on metal absorption. The influence of the influent metal concentration and of the effluent suspended solids concentration have been examined. Results from the continuously operated bench scale simulations demonstrated increased removal of lead and zinc at higher sludge ages. The removals of copper and nickel were also slightly improved. It appears from jar tests experiments that removal of copper and nickel may be strongly influenced by the chemical oxygen demand of the effluent.
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