Abstract
Objective: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) following systemic and chronic hypertension is one of the main causes of acute stroke leading to disability and death. Identifying the risk factors in ICH patients can be effective in reducing bleeding and the rates of mortality and disability in these patients. This study was carried out to investigate the factors associated with ICH. Methods: A total of 134 patients with chronic systemic hypertension who had ICH were enrolled in this study. The amount of ICH was measured through computed tomography (CT scan). The subjects were divided into two groups of high (>30 mL) and low (<30 mL) ICH volume, and the related risk factors in the two groups were studied and compared using SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 66.04 years, and 71 (52.99%) individuals were females. The mean volume of ICH was 24.47 mL, with 29.10% of the subjects (39 patients) having >30 mL and 70.90% (95 patients) having <30 mL of ICH. The results of studying ICHrelated factors in the multiple logistic regression showed that ischemic heart disease (IHD) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.243, P value <0.05) and cardiovascular disease (OR = 3.294, P value <0.05) were the co-existing diseases that increased the odds of developing ICH. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that less than 30% of the subjects had high volumes of bleeding, and the co-existence of IHD was considered as a strong independent risk factor affecting the volume of ICH associated with worse prognosis.
Highlights
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) due to hypertension is one of the most common causes of acute stroke leading to disability and death in adults in developing countries, accounting for about 10% to 20% of all strokes [1,2]
Regarding ICH-associated diseases, we noticed that 43.75% of the ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients had an ICH greater than 30 mL, while the rate was 24.5% in non-IHD patients, showing a significant difference between ICH and the prevalence of IHD (P value = 0.03)
The results of logistic regression between the ICH-related factors showed that IHD increased the odds of hemorrhage with a volume greater than 30 mL by about 2.395 times compared to non-IHD individuals, which was statistically significant (OR = 2.395, P value = 0.039)
Summary
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) due to hypertension is one of the most common causes of acute stroke leading to disability and death in adults in developing countries, accounting for about 10% to 20% of all strokes [1,2]. This type of hemorrhage occurs as a result of degenerative changes in the walls of cerebral arteries in the form of lipohyalinosis and generating false aneurysms and their rupture [3]. Studies have shown that increased bleeding in people with ICH is associated with increased disability and mortality rates [10,11]
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