Abstract
performances are similar. With cochlear implants, most children have good voweland consonant-perception skills and even managed good open-set speech comprehension. However, the lexical tone-perception skills often still lag behind. Lexical tone perception and production skills are often well developed within the first two years for children with normal hearing. For the hearing-impaired children using hearing aids or cochlear implants, their tone perception and production performances are often much worse than their other speech perception and production skills. The present design of cochlear implants and the development of different speech-coding strategies are mainly based on the characteristics of intonation languages. The characteristics of tonal languages should be more carefully looked into in the future development of speech coding strategies and design of implants or hearing aids.
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