Abstract
Thin films of nickel hydroxide were prepared using the cathodic template method and were tested in different electrolytes. The electrolytes were 0.1 M KOH and 0.1 M KOH with the addition of 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mM K2WO4. The test revealed, that the presence of tungstate can have a significant effect on electrochemical and electrochromic characteristics of Ni(OH)2 films. The initial sample, cycled in 0.1 M KOH showed different characteristics from those cycled in tungstate-containing electrolytes: significant difference between current densities of cathodic and anodic peaks and presence of the current plateau on the cyclic voltamperometry curve. However, the initial sample demonstrated the highest coloration degree of 74 %. On the other hand, the sample showed degradation of the coloration degree past initial growth.The samples cycled in the tungstate-containing electrolyte showed better electrochemical characteristics – sharper cathodic and anodic peaks, with the lesser difference between peak values. The dynamics of the absolute coloration degree of the samples cycled in tungstate-containing electrolyte showed a constant increase. The sample tested in a solution with 1 mM tungstate had the lowest value of the absolute coloration degree – 60 %. For tungstate concentrations of 0.1 and 0.3 mM, the absolution coloration degree at the last cycle was 72 and 71 % respectively.The samples tested in a solution with tungstate additive had a significantly lower bleaching time – 40–50 s in comparison to 360 s of the sample cycled in 0.1 М KOH.A possible mechanism that explains such differences in behavior was proposed
Highlights
Smart devices are a new class of devices that tend to be a combination of standard device and computer
Glass slides coated with fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) (10 Ω/□), with the working area of 20×20 mm were used as a substrate for deposition of nickel hydroxide films
As a result of the work, it was discovered that the introduction of small concentrations (0.1–1 mM) of WO24 ions into cycling electrolyte can lead to significant changes in electrochemical and electrochromic characteristics of nickel hydroxide films
Summary
Smart devices are a new class of devices that tend to be a combination of standard device and computer. Such combination allows for expansion of device’s functionality. Use of these devices opens a wide range of possibilities for rational use of time and energy resources [1, 2]. This becomes possible due to flexible operation schedule, including switching based sensor readouts or other information passed to the computer [3].
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