Abstract
Background Molecular markers may improve the diagnosis of lung cancer. In the past few years, multiple biomarkers have been detected in bronchial lavage fluids and tissues of patients with lung cancer. Aim The present prospective case–control study aimed to evaluate the role of complement activation product (C4d) as a diagnostic aid for bronchogenic carcinoma and to predict its diagnostic levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and in sputum supernatant of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Patients and methods The study included 40 patients. They were classified into two groups: group 1 represented lung cancer group (which was diagnosed in this study by histopathological examination), which consisted of 25 patients and group 2 represented control group with nonmalignant chest diseases, which consisted of 15 patients. Clinical assessment, bronchoscopy, measurement of C4d in BALF and in sputum supernatant, and measurement of total protein in BALF were performed for all studied participants. Results C4d in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), C4d in sputum supernatant, and total protein in BAL were significantly higher in the lung cancer group compared with the control group. Conclusion C4d in BAL and sputum as well as total protein in BAL can be used as a diagnostic aid in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma compared with other lung diseases with moderate sensitivity and specificity.
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