Abstract
The chemical surface structure of three types of welding fumes-manual metal arc and metal inert gas welding fumes of stainless steel and manual metal arc welding fumes of mild steel-were analyzed. The semiquantitative analysis and oxidation states of the surfaces of iron, manganese, chromium and nickel were carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. XPS measurements and ion bombardment were combined to study changes in the concentrations and oxidation states in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the fume particles.
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