Abstract
A Donnan Dialysis based process utilizing cation exchange membranes to separate and recover lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese during hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium ion battery cathodes is proposed. Compared to conventional processes, the process has the potential to achieve higher lithium recoveries and to recycle lixiviant. The present work introduces the process, develops mathematical equations to describe it, presents experimentally found cation mass transfer coefficients through cation exchange membranes, and uses the experimental data and equations to predict theoretical kinetics and recoveries achievable by the process.The simulation predicts that in two days, utilizing 5000dm2 of CMS C-1805 Neosepta monovalent CEM and 2000dm2 of CMX C-1586 Neosepta polyvalent CEM, the proposed process is capable of processing 1000L of leachate containing 285mol of lithium, 95mol each of cobalt, nickel, and manganese. 94.1% of the lithium can be recovered as high purity lithium carbonate and 99.4% of the transition metals as mixed sulphates ready for solvent extraction. At a minimum 422.6mol of pure sulphuric acid and 268mol of potassium bicarbonate are needed.
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