Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by excessive Sb(III) in the water environment is a global issue. We investigated the effect of processing parameters, their interaction and mechanistic details for the removal of Sb(III) using an iron salt-modified biosorbent (Fe(III)-modified Proteus cibarius (FMPAs)). Our study evaluated the optimisation of the adsorption time, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature and the initial concentration of Sb(III). We use response surface methodology to optimize this process, determining optimal processing conditions and the adsorption mechanism evaluated based on isotherm model and adsorption kinetics. The results showed that—(1) the optimal conditions for the adsorption of Sb(III) by FMPAs were an adsorption time of 2.2 h, adsorbent dose of 3430 mg/L, at pH 6.0 and temperature 44.0 °C. For the optimum initial concentration of Sb(III) 27.70 mg/L, the removal efficiency of Sb(III) reached 97.60%. (2) The adsorption process for Sb(III) removal by FMPAs conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, and its maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) is as high as 30.612 mg/g. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the adsorption process, classified as single layer adsorption and chemisorption mechanism. (3) The adsorption of Sb(III) takes place via the hydroxyl group in Fe–O–OH and EPS–Polyose–O–Fe(OH)2, which forms a new complex Fe–O–Sb and X≡Fe–OH. The study showed that FMPAs have higher adsorption capacity for Sb(III) than other previously studied sorbents and with low environmental impact, it has a great potential as a green adsorbent for Sb(III) in water.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilAntimony (Sb) and its compounds have chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity and global impact [1] and excessive long-term exposure to it can cause serious harm to human health [2,3].It is recognised as a priority pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO), the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the European Union [2,3]
Adsorption time, dosage, temperature, Sb(III) initial concentration and other factors have a significant influence on the adsorption of Sb(III) by Fe(III)-modified Proteus carinii adsorbent (FMPA), but pH has no significant effect on it
Sb(III) is 27.70 mg/L, and the average removal efficiency is as high as 97.60%; The Langmuir isotherm model can fit the process of FMPA adsorption of Sb(III) well (R2 = 0.993), the maximum adsorption capacity is 30.612 mg/g, and the adsorption is a single layer adsorption, the quasi-first order kinetic model can better fit the adsorption kinetic process, the adsorption process is mainly chemical adsorption, and it is determined by the boundary layer effect and the external mass transfer effect; and
Summary
Introduction published maps and institutional affilAntimony (Sb) and its compounds have chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity and global impact [1] and excessive long-term exposure to it can cause serious harm to human health [2,3].It is recognised as a priority pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO), the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the European Union [2,3]. Antimony (Sb) and its compounds have chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity and global impact [1] and excessive long-term exposure to it can cause serious harm to human health [2,3]. It is recognised as a priority pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United. Sb(V)) with the toxicity of Sb(III) being about ten times that of Sb(V) [5]. Situations where the water environment is contaminated (mining sites, urban systems) urgently require effective technologies for Sb(III) removal. A series of studies on discrete biological approaches have emerged successively, such as Planktonic Bacteria [11], iations
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