Abstract
The metallosilicate catalysts (H-M-silicate, when M = Al, Fe, Cu, and Ni and Si/metal = 20) were synthesized and characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, XRF, N2 adsorption and desorption, 27Al MAS NMR, XANES, EXAFS, NH3-TPD, NH3-IR, and TPO methods to investigate the effect of transition metals substitution in zeolite structure for 1-butene reaction. Only Fe3+ of H-Fe-silicate bonded in the MFI structure like H-ZSM-5, whereas transition metals of H-Cu-silicate and H-Ni-silicate embedded in zeolite matrix over catalyst surface; therefore: the reduction reaction occurred over metal of H-M-silicate catalyst during the reaction. There were two different roles of Brønsted acid site, detected by NH3-IR (B1 at ca. 1470 cm−1 and B2 at ca. 1660 cm−1). The B1 Brønsted acid site over micropore surface of catalyst (Si-OH-M) favored oligomerization-cracking route of 1-butene reaction, while butene isomerization route reacted on B2 Brønsted acid site (Si-OH) over external surface of catalyst (Acid strength: B1 > B2)
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