Abstract
Vapor liquid counterflow in porous media arises in processes such as heat pipes, oil recovery and geothermal systems. While previous studies analyzed these processes separately, this paper presents a unified description. The analysis includes capillarity, heat conduction, and Kelvin effects. The importance of each term to the various applications is examined. Significantly, it is found that the critical heat flux in a heat pipe is not constant, but increases with decreasing permeability. A threshold permeability is also identified, below which steady states may not exist. Related conclusions are reached regarding liquid-dominated geothermal systems.
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