Abstract
An experimental and theoretical investigation of the aqueous equilibria of hydronium alunite-sulfuric acid-water systems at saturation and under pressure leaching conditions was conducted. To this end, pure hydronium alunite was synthesized through anin situ dissolution-precipitation reaction sequence. A nonideal chemical equilibrium model was then developed to predict the behavior of the system at high acidities (pH25 °C < 1) and high temperatures (230 °C to 270 °C). The model was based upon the most recent thermodynamic data available for all known aluminum-oxy-hydroxyl-sulfate-bisulfate species, as well as experimentally determined solubility data for hydronium alunite. System behavior was characterized by speciation diagrams which illustrated the relative concentrations of aqueous species and acidity as functions of total sulfate concentration. This type of investigation was found to give valuable insight into the equilibrium behavior of high-temperature systems that would be otherwise inaccessible.
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