Abstract
Background: To understand the Electric Vehicle (EV) management effects deeply using Smart Grids (SGs) in the electric power sector, it is necessary to examine supply specifics such as the generation mix, generation costs, and CO2 emissions as well as the demand sector including peak load. This study attempts to comprehensively examine the changes in power supply and demand their effects in accordance with the degree of SG utilization, based on a scenario for the projection of EV roll-out in South Korea. Objectives: This study considers the change of the generation capacity mix as well as the change of power generation mix using the WASP model for the analysis of SG effects on EV management. In the scenario of the Korean government's EV deployment, this study has confirmed how electric power demand changes according to the degree of smart grid utilization. In addition, the WASP model has been used to examine not only the power generation mix but also the change in the installed capacity. Result: As a result, if the share of cost-effective and clean power generation sources is below the minimum load, the unit cost and CO2 emission could not be reduced together even though SGs are used to manage EVs. Conclusion: Increasing the share of power generation from clean energy sources to a level higher than that of the minimum load will allow EVs to become an eco-friendly means of transportation.
Highlights
The use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) as eco-friendly alternatives recently has been increasing, and they are becoming one of the significant factors in the long-term increase of electric power demand
This study has examined the aspects of power demand increase, peak demand increase in accordance with EV roll-out in South Korea, and has verified that peak load is significantly reduced according to the degree of Smart grid (SG) utilization
This study comprehensively examined the changes of power supply and demand and their effects in accordance with the degree of SG utilization, based on a scenario for the projection of EV deployment in South Korea to understand the EV management effects deeply using SGs in the electric power sector
Summary
The use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) as eco-friendly alternatives recently has been increasing, and they are becoming one of the significant factors in the long-term increase of electric power demand. According to the International Transport Forum (ITF) [1], the electricity demand of EVs will exceed 20% of global demand in the most optimistic scenario where EVs will have replaced all fossil-fuel based vehicles in the world by 2050. Smart grid (SG) technologies provide a function for transferring the charging load from a peak to an off-peak timeslot. EVs can function as decentralized storage equipment by using SG technologies This vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology transfers the electricity from EV batteries to the grid when there is a power overload, thereby stabilizing the power grid [3 - 7]. To understand the Electric Vehicle (EV) management effects deeply using Smart Grids (SGs) in the electric power sector, it is necessary to examine supply specifics such as the generation mix, generation costs, and CO2 emissions as well as the demand sector including peak load. This study attempts to comprehensively examine the changes in power supply and demand their effects in accordance with the degree of SG utilization, based on a scenario for the projection of EV roll-out in South Korea
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