A study of second to fourth digit ratio in relation to verbal and numerical intelligence among medical students

G Yuvarani,Jibi Paul,N Harikrishnan,M Manoj Abraham

doi:10.51248/.v41i3.1206

Abstract

Introduction and Aim:Periarthritis shoulder is generally defined as a self - limiting disorder that affects mostly the diabetic persons. Periarthritis shoulder affects the older population with females at its peak.This study was intended to find out whether all the shoulder pain subjects were victims of periarthritis shoulder and to analyse the prevalence of periarthritis among subjects who were suffering from shoulder.  Materials and Methods:This study was a prospective, observational study conducted on the patients who visited the outpatient Physiotherapy Departments. Nearly 300 patients who came with shoulder pain were taken as samples. A detailed explanation about the purpose of the study was given to the subjects. The subjects included were based on the inclusion criteria pain more than 1 month, both male and female, age group of 40-60 years, both dominant and non-dominant hand, history of shoulder pain at night, progressive limitation of shoulder movement, particularly a reduction of at least half the normal range of abduction and external rotation.  Results:Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria nearly 300 participants were selected and they were asked to fill the SPADI questionnaire. Out of 300 participants nearly 127 subjects were concluded with positive signs of periarthritis shoulder.  Conclusion: The result obtained from our study states that the severity of the disease is more among the female population. The subjects who are suffering from shoulder pain must be taken into anticipation that in future they may develop shoulder periarthritis.

Highlights

Introduction and AimPeriarthritis shoulder is generally defined as a self - limiting disorder that affects mostly the diabetic persons
Periarthritis (PA) shoulder called as adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is defined as a gradual progress in the restriction of movements, patient usually complaints about severe pain and inability to sleep on the affected side
When the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) had been reviewed for this age group, 25 (19.68%) subjects fall under less difficulty, while 36 (28.35%) under high difficulty

Summary

Introduction

Periarthritis shoulder is generally defined as a self - limiting disorder that affects mostly the diabetic persons. Many authors concluded that the prevalence of shoulder pain increases with age [24]. Some of the authors showed that middle aged people have highest prevalence rate of shoulder pain[5]. Periarthritis (PA) shoulder called as adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is defined as a gradual progress in the restriction of movements, patient usually complaints about severe pain and inability to sleep on the affected side. Periarthritis shoulder affects the older population with female at its peak[6]. Frozen shoulder is defined as an idiopathic condition of the shoulder characterized by the spontaneous onset of pain in the shoulder with restriction of movement in every direction [7]. Frozen shoulder is at higher risk people who have immobility of shoulder due to minor trauma of upper limb, surgery, overuse injury or any other systemic illness such as DM, disorder of thyroid, CVD, Dupuytren’s contracture and stroke [8,9,10]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion