Abstract
Scandia-doped-impregnated (SDI) cathodes were fabricated with scandia-doped tungsten powders using spray drying (SD) combined with two-step reduction in hydrogen atmosphere. The temperature-programmed reduction results show that the addition of Sc2O3 leads to a decrease of the reduction temperature of scandia-doped tungsten oxide powders. Using the obtained scandia-doped tungsten powders with homogenous distribution of nanosized scandia, a submicrometer porous matrix cathode composed of tungsten grains with active substances distributing uniformly around these grains has been obtained. For cathodes with the above matrices and impregnated with 411 or 612 Ba, Ca aluminates (named SDI/SD-411 or SDI/SD-612 cathodes, respectively) and space charge limited current densities of $\sim 72.5$ A/cm $^{2}$ have been reliably reached at 900 $^{\circ }\text{C}_{b}$ . After proper activation, the cathode surface is covered by a Ba–Sc–O active substance layer with preferable atomic ratios, leading to its good emission property. The average evaporation rate of $8.45\times 10^{-9}$ gcm $^{-2}~\text{s}^{-1}$ at 1150 $^{\circ }\text{C}_{b}$ for SDI/SD-612 cathode is the lowest one among Ba–W, W/Re/Os–M, SG-411 (the scandia-doped cathode fabricated by sol–gel method with impregnating 411 aluminates), and SDI/SD-612 cathodes.
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