A study of risk factors associated with essential Hypertension in an urban population of North East India

Krishna Gogoi

doi:10.17485/ijst/v13i18.410

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the impact of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits and lipid profile, associated with development of Essential Hypertension in an urban population of North-Eastern region of India. Materials & Methods: Hypertension was defined as per Clinical Practice guidelines 2017. A total number of 400 subjects – 200 normotensive and 200 hypertensives were enrolled in this case-control study. The subjects underwent Blood Pressure measurement, anthropometric measurements and Electrocardiography. Detailed sociodemographic data, medical history and personal history were noted. Serum lipid profile was estimated for all the subjects. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSSvs16. Findings: Among the 200 Normotensives 69 (17.2%) had elevated BP. In the Essential Hypertensive group 24 (6%) were Stage 1 and 176 (44%) were stage 2 hypertensives. A statistically significant number of 88% (176) hypertensive subjects were above 40 years of age (p value 3 was significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The present study highlights the association of age, high BMI, sedentary habits, consumption of extra salt, alcohol, tobacco use and dyslipidemia as major risk factors associated with Essential Hypertensive subjects in urban adults in Assam. Novelty: The study highlights the different predictors of Essential Hypertension in North Eastern Indian urban adults. Keywords: Essential hypertension; Blood pressure; Overweight; Extra salt intake; Serum lipids; Sedentary activity

Highlights

Hypertension or high blood pressure (BP) is a global health problem
A total number of 400 participants with and without Essential Hypertension (EH) between 18 – 65 years who had been residing in Guwahati city for at least last 5 years were randomly selected for the study
The risk of developing hypertension increased in subjects who consumed extra salt, consumed alcohol, tobacco users and sedentary workers which was according to other reports [16,18,24,25]

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension or high blood pressure (BP) is a global health problem. Nearly 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension and most people with high blood pressure are not aware that they have hypertension.[1]Hypertension without any underlying cause it is labeled as Essential Hypertension (EH). Hypertension or high blood pressure (BP) is a global health problem. 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension and most people with high blood pressure are not aware that they have hypertension.[1]. Hypertension without any underlying cause it is labeled as Essential Hypertension (EH). 5% of patients with hypertension have underlying renal, cardiac, arterial or endocrine disorder are classified as Secondary Hypertension[2]. Uncontrolled EH leads to increased morbidity and mortality. It increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and other organ diseases. 44% of premature deaths caused annually by major Non-Communicable diseases worldwide were attributed to cardiovascular diseases [3]. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) [4,5]

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