Abstract
There are only 4500 buildings and about 4.17 billion square feet of the area under green buildings till 2016. It is only around 5% of India's total construction, and there is considerable potential for sustainable design in the Indian market. Sustainable building design requires passive and active techniques. It is vital to design a sustainable building that uses passive strategies to its fullest because they are cheaper and more efficient than active strategies. The designer emphasizes active features and neglects passive features to obtain sustainable building ratings in the current context. The whole purpose of sustainable design has been defeated. To achieve a sustainable design in a real sense, passive strategies should be formed in response to the local climate and given primary importance. Active strategies are only bound to complement passive strategies. This study focuses on understanding the passive design strategies for India's composite climate in response to the local climate through case studies of buildings. This paper deals with passive design strategies such as orientation, fenestration, shading devices, earth touch, roof garden, water, landscaping, and active strategies, often include solar panels, solar water heaters and wind towers. The two studies, i.e., the American Institute of Indian Studies and the Solar Energy Center, use the sunken courtyard, orientation, shading devices, water bodies, a verandah inspired by traditional passive features, and another study, the PEDA Complex, use the southern dome structure, shading devices, water bodies as modern passive features. All studies use active strategies to complement passive strategies. The study concludes that all three case studies use passive strategies as primary ones, either influenced by traditional architecture or modern perception and that active strategies complement passive strategies.
Highlights
Sustainable development is a multidimensional concept, and the primary objective is to bring the environment and development together
The concept of sustainable development was first discussed in the Stockholm Declaration of 1972, and in the Brundtland Commission report in 1987
Objectives a) To study sustainable design in the Indian context b) To analyze the composite climatic zone of India c) To analyze the passive and active design strategies in the composite climatic zone. d) To analyze the applications of passive and active design strategies in buildings situated in the composite climate zone
Summary
Sustainable development is a multidimensional concept, and the primary objective is to bring the environment and development together. The concept of sustainable development was first discussed in the Stockholm Declaration of 1972, and in the Brundtland Commission report in 1987. This report became a benchmark for efforts to align economic development and environmental protection. The definition of sustainable development in this report indicate, “Development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.” [1]. Sustainable development in architecture refers to three. Civil Engineering and Architecture 8(6): 1370-1389, 2020 domains: environmental, social-cultural, and economic related to the built environment. This paper will address only the environmental domain of sustainable development. The environmental domain tackles concern such as waste effluent production, solid waste, carbon dioxide emissions, land use, inadequate use of water, raw materials, and energy consumption in the built environment. [2]
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