Abstract
Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO, LixNi0.5Mn1.5O4) is an attractive high potential cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries to meet toady’s pressing need of high energy density. One of the main issues faced by LNMO electrode is that its voltage could be invariant with state of charge in charge and discharge operations of battery. This is believed to be originated from its two consecutive phase transition processes during cycling. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to understand the voltage behavior of LNMO electrode in the charge and discharge process by coupling phase transition process with lithium transport process. Effect of electrode particle size on the phase distribution and stability is simulated by the developed model. Results indicate that the voltage behavior of electrode in the charge and discharge can be significantly influenced by different LNMO particle size. Further, electrode with mixed size particles is also investigated by the developed model. Through comparison, limitations of current existing models on predicting LNMO electrode voltage behavior as well as their underlying reasons are discussed based on the modeling results.
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