A study of ocular manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus at tertiary eye care centre in South India

Abstract

The main purpose of our study is to provide a general view of various ocular manifestations observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Ocular manifestations observed in our study not only include cataract and retinopathy but also other anterior and posterior segment ocular manifestations and their epidemiology. We wanted to evaluate the different ocular manifestations in type 2 diabetes mellitus, its clinical profile, and its relationship between various risk factors. All cases with a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the Tertiary Eye Care Centre, Telangana, in South India were examined in detail to know the various ocular manifestations. A prospective observational study was done. Patients who presented with diabetes were examined in detail, diabetes history, and further investigated to know anterior and posterior segment ocular manifestations. The study was conducted on 500 patients over 18 months from December 2018 to June 2020. All 500 patients were examined in detail. Ocular manifestations observed in type 2 Diabetes mellitus include cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, keratitis, retinal vascular occlusion, ophthalmoplegia, lid lesions, ischemic optic neuropathy, age-related macular degenerations. Diabetes mellitus is an important health problem that causes significant morbidity due to specific microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease, and peripheral vasculopathy. Ocular manifestations were more likely to occur in both eyes in diabetes patients. Treatment and visual rehabilitation vary for different ocular manifestations. A thorough early ocular evaluation of patients and management is of utmost importance to prevent further visual impairment.