A study of non-ideal mixtures of ethanol and the (1 choline chloride +2 ethylene glycol) deep eutectic solvent for their volumetric behaviour

Abstract

In the present study, the volumetric behaviour of mixtures of (Ethaline + ethanol) was investigated for the first time. Ethaline, which is the mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol at a molar ratio of 1:2, is among the most well-known Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs). Because of its rather low viscosities as compared to many DESs, it has gained the interest of researchers for use in different applications. In this work, isobaric densities of the mixtures of Ethaline + ethanol were measured and presented over the entire mixture concentration range within the temperature range of (293.15–333.15) K. Using the measured data, excess molar volumes of the mixtures were calculated and analysed. The negative values of excess molar volumes suggested the stronger interactions of hydrogen bonds in the mixture with respect to the pure states of its constituents. Additionally, partial molar volumes and excess partial molar volumes, as well as the corresponding values at infinite dilution, were calculated and analysed. It was found that both Ethaline and ethanol have the tendency to be solvated by the mutual unlike-molecule in the mixture, and this tendency is stronger for Ethaline. It is also suggested that within the established hydrogen bond networks in the mixture, the Ethaline pseudo-molecules are probably located at central positions, being mostly surrounded by ethanol molecules.