Abstract
In this study, zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films were deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) under high vacuum conditions, incorporating dual dopants manganese (Mn2+) and calcium (Ca2+). Morphological examination by AFM revealed that Mn2+ promoted a uniform and smooth film structure, whereas Ca2+ induced surface roughness. Optical characterization using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed high transparency in the visible range, with doping leading to significant alterations in the bandgap energy. Photoluminescence investigations displayed prominent emission peaks at 385 nm, 448 nm, and 560 nm, characteristic of ZnS bandgap emissions, as well as an additional peak at 600 nm due to the novel dopant's influence. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses verified the presence of ZnS and other constituents. Doping improved the optical and luminescent characteristics, offering potential for use in optoelectronics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and advanced technology development. This customizable approach to ZnS thin films presents innovative opportunities within material science and device manufacturing.
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