A Study of Iron Profile in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Abstract

Background: Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural of functional impairement of ventricular filling or ejection of blood leading to cardinal manifestations of dyspnoea, fatigue, and fluid retention. In developed countries, the prevalence of known heart failure is generally estimated at 1% to 2% of the general adult population.
 Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Iron deficiency (ID) with or without anemia has been commonly associated with HF. In view of this, the current study was undertaken to assess the iron profile in patients with heart failure (HF).
 Objectives: This study aims at studying the prevalence, clinical correlates fuctional significance of iron deficiency in heart failure patients and to highlight the importance of iron deficiency in heart failure.
 Materials and Methods: In this study, we have taken 60 patients who are above 18 years diagnosed to have heart failure, 30 patients had preserved ejection fraction, 30 patients had reduced ejection fraction, BNP, ECG, 2DECHO, haemogram, iron profile were done. This study is being undertaken to evaluate the prevalance of iron deficiency in heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction, Correlating iron levels with stage of heart failure , Correlating iron levels with length of stay in hospital.
 Results: 22 patients of 30 patients in preserved ejection fraction group had iron deficiency. 23 patients of 30 patients in reduced ejection fraction had iron deficiency. The mean serum iron levels of the study participants with length of stay in hospital between 1-5 days, 6 – 10 days and 11 – 15 days were found to be 28.99 ± 17.55, 31.82 ± 17.15 and 35.37 ± 23.58 respectively. The association was found to be statistically significant between with length of stay in hospital and serum iron levels of the study participants.
 The mean serum iron levels of the study participants in stage B, stage C and Stage D of heart failure were found to be 30.21 ± 20.57, 30.23 ± 17.02 and 20.63 ± 18.28 respectively. The association between stages of heart failure and serum iron levels of the study participants was not found to be statistically significant.
 Conclusion and Interpretation: In this study 73.33% in preserved EF group and 76.66% in reduced EF group had iron deficiency. The association was found to be statistically significant between with length of stay in hospital and serum iron levels of the study participants. The association between stages of heart failure and serum iron levels of the study participants was not found to be statistically significant.