Abstract
Oxygen saturation (OS) imaging is a new method of endoscopic imaging that has clinical applications in oncology which can directly measure tissue oxygen saturation (Sto2) of the surface of gastrointestinal tract without any additional drugs or devices. This imaging technology is expected to contribute to research into cancer biology which leads to clinical benefit such as prediction to efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, adherent substances on tumors such as blood and white coating, pose a challenge for accurate measurements of the StO2 values in tumors. The aim of this study was to develop algorithms for discriminating between the tumors and their adherent substances, and to investigate whether it is possible to evaluate the tumor specific StO2 values excluding adherent substances during OS imaging. We plotted areas of tumors and their adherent substances using white-light images of 50 upper digestive tumors: blood (68 plots); reddish tumor (83 plots); white coating (89 plots); and whitish tumor (79 plots). Scatter diagrams and discriminating algorithms using spectrum signal intensity values were constructed and verified using validation datasets. StO2 values were compared between the tumors and tumor adherent substances using OS images of gastrointestinal tumors. The discriminating algorithms and their accuracy rates (AR) were as follows: blood vs. reddish tumor: Y> - 4.90X+7.13 (AR: 95.9%) and white coating vs. whitish tumor: Y< -0.52X+0.17 (AR: 96.0%). The StO2 values (median, [range]) were as follows: blood, 79.3% [37.8%-100.0%]; reddish tumor, 74.5% [62.0%-86.9%]; white coating, 73.8% [42.1%-100.0%]; and whitish tumor, 65.7% [53.0%-76.3%]. OS imaging is strongly influenced by adherent substances for evaluating the specific StO2 value of tumors; therefore, it is important to eliminate the information of adherent substances for clinical application of OS imaging.
Highlights
Endoscopy was developed to detect gastrointestinal (GI) cancer at the early stages
StO2 values were compared between the tumors and tumor adherent substances using Oxygen Saturation (OS) images of gastrointestinal tumors
OS imaging is strongly influenced by adherent substances for evaluating the specific StO2 value of tumors; it is important to eliminate the information of adherent substances for clinical application of OS imaging
Summary
Endoscopy was developed to detect gastrointestinal (GI) cancer at the early stages This procedure has been improved to visualize the architecture pattern of GI mucosa using high definition, magnification, and image enhancement to achieve precise diagnosis [1,2,3]. We jointly developed Oxygen Saturation (OS) imaging (FUJIFILM, Tokyo, Japan), a new methodology of image-enhanced digestive tract endoscopy for the qualitative diagnosis of digestive tumors [8]. This approach is based on the detection of hypoxic areas and thereby characterizing the cancer microenvironment. Quantification and visualization of hypoxic regions in solid tumors may be important for predicting the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment
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