Abstract
The spatial distribution of December temperature in Pakistan has been assessed by statistical method based on mean monthly data from 51 ground stations. The analysis is performed at decadal scale over the period of 1950-2000. December is one of the representative months of winter season in Pakistan, the country with subtropical location and complex rugged terrains, plateaus and plains. The results support a slight rising temperature trend in December. However, this change in temperature varies from region to region as well as from decade to decade and reflects a complicated spatial-temporal structure of temperature anomalies. The assessment shows that the temperature anomalies in different national territories at local scale do not follow the assumption that winter months are warming in northern hemisphere. Both the isothermal shift and temperature anomalies confirm that the mountainous areas of Pakistan face more temperature variability than plains.
Highlights
The true essence of climate change is hard to be understood without the temperature analysis at different temporal and spatial scales
This paper is focused on the analysis of December temperature variability with emphasis on spatial distribution and its regional detail in Pakistan
The comparison of various decades is evident of the isothermal shift for a selected temperature (e.g. 15 ̊C or 12 ̊C or any other isotherm), it means temperature change occurs at local scale in the study period
Summary
The true essence of climate change is hard to be understood without the temperature analysis at different temporal and spatial scales. The variability of temperature over complex rugged terrains remains great attraction for searchers in climate change sciences e.g. (2014) A Study of Decadal December Temperature Variability in Pakistan. In the current national scenario, economic development is not sustainable in the agrobased developing society of Pakistan without understanding of climate change and its impacts on agriculture [8]-[10] where the faster growing population already has faced meteorological hazards [11] [12]. This paper is focused on the analysis of December temperature variability with emphasis on spatial distribution and its regional detail in Pakistan. We mapped the isotherms through which we learned about the shifts of average temperature at regional scale and recognized their anomalies by simulating temperature coefficient at decadal scale
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