A study of coracoclavicular joint in South Indian population

Abstract

Background: Movements taking place in the shoulder girdle is a result of complex coordinated movements between the glenohumeral, acromio clavicular, sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic articulations. Clavicle is connected with the first rib by the costoclavicular ligament apart from the sternum and scapula through sternoclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. Sometimes the area of attachment of these ligaments on the clavicle, first rib and scapula show faceted apophysis suggesting the presence of additional diarthrodial articulation. The incidence of Coraco¬Clavicular (CCJ) joint in various populations is estimated to be ranging from 0.8% - 9.8%. Aim : The aim of our present study is to ascertain the prevalence of Coraco- Clavicular joint (CCJ) in South Indian population. Materials and methods : The present study was carried out on fifty cadavers embalmed with 10% formalin. Meticulous care was taken to include only cadavers from South Indian population. Cadavers exhibiting obscuring pathologies were excluded from the study. The dissections were carried out in all the limbs to note the presence of a diarthrotic coracoclavicular joint which is represented by the presence of an articular facet on the conoid tubercle of the clavicle & the superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. Results : In our study we came across a single cadaver having the coracoclavicular joint on the left side unilaterally. Conclusion : The coracoclavicular joint though a rare entity should be borne in mind as a differential diagnosis for thoracic outlet syndrome or costoclavicular syndrome and in general for shoulder pain. The present study has revealed the presence of CCJ in our population and it constitutes to only 2%.