A STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection that can be lethal and is common in many tropical areas. It often spreads through huge epidemics following periods of high precipitation and floods. Exposure to infected reservoir host animals either directly or indirectly transmits infection. To study the clinical profile of leptospi Aim: rosis patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. The present electronic record based retrospective study was co Methods nducted among eighty patients admitted with a diagnosis of leptospirosis at the Saveetha Medical College Hospital for the period of one year between January 2022 and December 2022. A total of 80 patients were included in the study Results . Among the study population 53.75% of the patients were males. The median age of the patients was 41.5 years. Most of the cases presented in the rainy season. In our study. most common symptom was fever (90%). Other symptoms were myalgia (87.5%), headache (41%), Abdominal pain (35%), Vomiting (25%), Loose stools (20%) and Dyspnea (10). Comorbidities in our study population include diabetes mellitus(n=8), systemic hypertension (n=6), coronary artery disease (n=1), hypothyroidism (n=2) and asthma (n=3). Complete hemogram revealed leucocytosis in 60% (n= 48) of the patients leucopenia in 2.5% (n=2), thrombocytopenia in 60% (n= 48) of the patients. Electrolyte abnormalities include hypokalemia (60%) , hyponatremia (40%) and hyperkalemia (n=2). Liver function tests (LFT) was deranged in 47.5% of the patients. Acute kidney injury was found in 27.5% patients (n=22) among which dialysis was needed for six patients. Liver was the most common organ affected followed by kidney. Bleeding manifestations occurred in 20% of the patients. Other complications include septic shock (18.75%) , acute respiratory distress syndrome (15%), encephalopathy (6.25%) and myocarditis (5%). Death occurred in 6.25% (n= 5) of the patients. Eventhough case fatal Conclusion: ity rate in leptospirosis is low, incidence of complications are higher. severe thrombocytopenia is associated with worse outcomes. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia are the most common electrolyte abnormalities. Liver and kidney are the most common organs affected. Incidence of cardiac and pulmonary manifestations leads to fatal outcomes.