A study into the safety of novel bioresorbable matrices for repairing bone tissue defects

Abstract

The work was aimed at conducting a comparative study into the toxicological safety of the obtained highly purified composite material comprising demineralized bone matrix for repairing bone defects. Â To investigate the biological properties of the demineralized bone matrix and the developed highly purified bone matrix, a culture of immortalized fetal bovine lung (LEK) cells was used. The effect of highly purified bone matrix on cells was studied by the method of cell culture in the presence of the preparation. To accomplish the task, many cell culture techniques were used, including the determination of the percentage of cell death, the level of lactate dehydrogenase synthesis, and the level of glucose uptake by cells exposed to different doses of the highly purified demineralized bone matrix. The results of the study indicate that exposure of a cell culture to the demineralized bone matrix at a dose of 2000 mg/l decreased the level of glucose uptake by cells by 18.2% as compared to control. Exposure to the highly purified bone matrix at the same doses yielded 35% glucose uptake by cells. Â Exposure of the LEK cell line to the demineralized bone matrix at a dose of 2000 mg /l led to the cell death rate exceeding that of control by 97%. When exposed to the highly purified demineralized bone matrix, cell death increased by 10.9% compared to control. Exposure of the cell culture to demineralized bone matrix at a dose of 2000 mg /l indicated that the level of enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) synthesis by cells was only 11% higher than that in control, whereas the level of LDH synthesis induced by exposure to highly purified bone matrix at the same doses constituted 36.9%. Therefore, the highly purified bone matrix has low toxicity on mammalian cells, which suggests a potential use of the product in clinical practice for repairing bone tissue defects.