A Structure Identification of “You de1 V(有的V) & You de2 V(有得V)” in Modern Chinese

Abstract

“有的V(you de₁ V)” is a structure that plays an important role in modern Chinese. This structure is widely used in our daily life. This paper explains the relationship between “有底V(you di₃ V)”, “有的V” and “有得V(you de₂ V)” from a diachronic perspective. “有的V” comes from “有底V” and is different from “有得V”. The “有得V” appears after “有的V” and is mixed with “有的V”. There are three main reasons for mixed use: ① Since the Song Dynasty, the pronunciation of “的” and “得” gradually converged, so it is easy to be misused in written records. Moreover, semantics is generated by “有” rather than “de”, so confusion does not affect the expression of semantics in a certain range; ② “有” and “V” are verbs, and it is easy to add the word “得” in the middle; ③ “有得V” is widely used in southern dialects and works, which has gradually become a language habit. This paper holds that “有的V” and “有得V” are completely different structures, “的” comes from “底” and “有的V” comes from “有底V”, in which “有” is a verb expressing existence or possession, and “的” is a structural auxiliary word without specific meaning; The semantic meaning of “有得V” comes from the word “有” and the word “得” which expresses causative meaning or possibility .It is two different grammatical structures from “有的V”, so it must not be confused.<BR> As for the different use of “有的V” and “有得V”，we should pay attention to the following points: ① When we want to express the existence or possession of “patient and its quantity”, we should use the “有的V” structure, and when we want to express the possibility of a certain behavior or action or can occur or complete, we should use the “有得V” structure; ② “有的V” and “有得V” can both be used to express the subjective mass meaning, but in fact, “有的V” is more appropriate for three reasons: ① from the time of emergence, “有的V” appeared before “有得V”. From the process of grammaticalization, it is “有的V” that first has the semantics and usage to express the subjective mass meaning. ② “有得V” is more or less affected by the semantic and usage of “有的V” structure, so it has some current usage and expression functions. ③ When expressing a large number of subjective meanings, the semantics comes from “有” rather than “de”. Therefore, it is not necessary to write “的” as “得”. It is best to use “有的V” directly.