Abstract
Transport systems are capable of contributing to the economic robustness of a geographic area and the well-being of its inhabitants via the supply of the necessary assets for the mobility of people and goods. However, transport projects have the capacity to produce several negative externalities such as water pollution, air pollution, barrier effects, noise, and ecological impact, which affect the quality of people’s life. Considering these facts, the main purpose of this study is to indicate methodologically how the negative externalities of transport are interlinked, so that to promote sustainable mobility development. This paper reveals via the method of structural analysis, the interrelations between the negative externalities of transport, firstly to organize them hierarchically and secondly to evaluate the potential of sustainable mobility strategies concerning the co-benefits generated by their implementation for society. The results show that the negative externalities of transport are not isolated phenomena; on the contrary, they are interlinked and can be organised hierarchically according to the relationships between them so that certain public policies can be prioritized and the negative impacts of transport can be tackled more effectively. The most critical negative externalities are the invasion of public space for the construction of more roads, along with road accidents, congestion, and local air pollution. On the other hand, the most important group of strategies for sustainable mobility are the ones oriented to urban design, and more specifically to transit-oriented development.
Highlights
The twentieth century was decisive for the urbanization of the world as economic, social, cultural, and political processes such as globalization, in conjunction with population growth, caused the expansion of cities [1]
The first one presents a brief introduction to the method of Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC)-structural analysis
The method of structural analysis and the opinions of the experts consulted permitted the organization of the negative externalities of transport along with the strategies oriented towards sustainable mobility in order of importance
Summary
The twentieth century was decisive for the urbanization of the world as economic, social, cultural, and political processes such as globalization, in conjunction with population growth, caused the expansion of cities [1]. The structure of the city has transformed into a diversified, multi-nuclear form, with high rates of environmental pollution and internal insecurity [1] This situation has generated the degradation of public space, the disorganization of urban space, a decrease of connectivity between localities, and massive migration to the outskirts of the city, generating the phenomenon of urban sprawl [2]. People ceased to regard the future as a predetermined reality and tried to analyse it from a humanistic and multifaceted point of view, concluding that it was full of multiple human decisions and indeterminate This new “way of addressing the future” generated a new branch of research named prospective studies, whose main premise is that the future does not happen automatically, but depends on human actions. The prospective approach has become a fundamental planning tool, which, in addition to clarifying the future, is able to guide the human actions that will lead to its realization
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