A Strategy for Simultaneously Realizing the Cubic‐to‐Hexagonal Phase Transition and Controlling the Small Size of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ Nanocrystals for In Vitro Cell Imaging

Abstract

Hexagonal-phase NaYF(4):Yb(3+),Er(3+) up-conversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) are synthesized by a combination of refluxing and hydrothermal treatment. This strategy leads to only a slight increase in particle size, from 4.5 to ca. 10 nm, during the cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition. The hexagonal UCNCs can be internalized by HeLa cells and exhibit visible emission in the cells under near-infrared excitation.