Abstract
Environmental crises and global warming, arising from fossil fuels, and the urgent need for electrical energy generation, have led the international community to make a greater use of renewable energy resources. Among renewable energy resources, wind units, due to their high efficiency, has attracted more attention. However, variable and unpredictable nature of wind speed, causes wind units to be consider as an uncontrollable sources of energy and prevent their high utilization. Storage units are introduced as a viable solution to reduce wind units output variations and obtain a dispatchable output. Large scale storage units impose more investment cost to the microgrid and small storage units may also fail to provide a pre-determined targets for microgrid. This paper presents a linear model to determine the optimal size of storage units, considering none-deterministic behavior of wind energy, which aim is to reduce the summation of the expected operating cost of the microgrid and investment cost of the storage units. The results indicate that the total operating cost of the microgrid is reduced. Also, the reliability indices such as a LOLE and EENS are improved. The problem is formulated as Mixed-integer programming and implemented it in the GAMS environment with EXPRESS solver. A typical example, determines the efficiency of the proposed model.
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