Abstract
Why is the current universe dominated by matter when there should have been equal amounts of matter and anti-matter at the beginning? One of the keys to answering this question is to find out a currently undiscovered charge-parity (CP) violation in the lepton sector. The CP violation can be tested through studies of the phenomenon called neutrino oscillation. Neutrino oscillation occurs because the weak eigenstates, |νl>(l=e,μ,τ), and mass eigenstates, |νi>(i=1,2,3), are mixed, as follows:where UPMNS is the 3 × 3 Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata mixing matrix, which is defined with three mixing angles, θ12, θ23, and θ13, and one complex Dirac CP phase, δCP.
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