Abstract
Feather waste is highly accumulated recalcitrant and non-efficiently utilized protein wastage of poultry processing. Present study highlights a cheap eco-friendly approach towards its valorization into efficiently utilized form (feather hydrolysate (SHG10 FH)) through Bacillus licheniformis SHG10 within 48 hrs. A statistical-mathematical model (Plackett-Burman Design (PBD), Central Composite Design (CCD), Canonical Analysis (CA) and Steepest Rising Ridge (SRR)) was anticipated to optimize feather bioconversion. PBD addressed three key determinants out of eight tested factors imposing significant influence (P≤0.006) on soluble proteins productivity. Optimal levels of the key determinants, localized by CCD, CA and SRR, were 1.55% (w/v) feather, 0.45% (w/v) yeast extract and 10.8% (v/v) inoculum size in basal medium II to attain 402 mg/Liter soluble proteins and 104,000 μmole leucine/Liter NH2-free amino groups. SHG10 FH was rich in phenylalanine, tyrosine, methionine and histidine. MALDI-TOF-MS showed proteins spectrum of SHG10 FH ranged from 140 Da m/z. to 733 Da m/z. The composition of SHG10 FH along with the ecologically safe low cost effective approach involved in its preparation might underpin its great potential in several industries (e.g., amino acids, soluble proteins, cosmetics and animal feed livestock).
Highlights
Worldwide poultry processing plants generate billions of tons of chicken feathers waste, annually [1,2,3,4]
SHG10 FH production medium, that could efficiently push the feather bioconversion process into soluble proteins and amino acids, contains the same ingredients at the same levels included in basal medium II
SHG10 FH production medium is considered a very low cost effective one when compared to other production media reported in the literature in this context
Summary
Worldwide poultry processing plants generate billions of tons of chicken feathers waste, annually [1,2,3,4]. Discarded feathers in the environment cause some human ailments such as chlorosis and mycoplasmosis [13] From another side, its traditional conversion thermally or chemically into feather meal results in formation of an end product of low nutritional value due to loss of some essential amino acids (e.g., methionine, lysine and histidine) as a consequence of exposure to such harsh conditions. Its traditional conversion thermally or chemically into feather meal results in formation of an end product of low nutritional value due to loss of some essential amino acids (e.g., methionine, lysine and histidine) as a consequence of exposure to such harsh conditions This in turn delimits the usage of either stem cooked or alkali treated feather meal on a dietary basis. Chicken feather waste management is being non-profitable and non-environmentally eco-friendly
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