Abstract
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a population-based meta-heuristic evolutionary algorithm proposed by Simon (IEEE Trans Evol Comput 12(6):702–713, 2008 [1]). It is based on the theory of island biogeography which deals with the migration, speciation, and extinction of the species in a habitat. It has excellent exploitation ability but lacks in exploration. After the inception of BBO, a lot of modifications and hybridizations are introduced to enhance its performance. This paper focuses on various modifications and refinements in the migration and mutation operators of the original BBO and its hybridization with other population-based meta-heuristic algorithms. In the end, some open problems related to BBO are highlighted encouraging future research in this novel area.
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