A State-of-the-Science Review of the Effect of Damp- and Mold-Affected Housing on Mental Health.

Abstract

While it is well-established that exposure to dampness or mold in homes negatively affects physical health, the association with mental health remains less well evidenced. As plausible psychosocial and biological pathways exist between dampness and mold exposure and poor mental health, a review of evidence is required. This State-of-the-Science review sought to assess what is known about the mental health effects of dampness or mold exposure and identify gaps in the literature and priorities for further research. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Global Health, Web of Science, and Scopus) was conducted to identify relevant studies published from 2003 to 2023. Eligible studies included observational study designs such as cohort and cross-sectional studies. Target studies for review assessed the effect of dampness and/or mold on mental health outcomes. Of the 1,169 records retrieved, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. The available evidence described positive associations between residential dampness/mold exposure and poor mental health. In adults, associations were observed for outcomes such as depression, stress, and anxiety, while for children, associations were observed for emotional symptoms and emotional dysregulation. Identified studies generally reported associations between exposure to dampness/mold in the home and poorer mental and emotional health. Given the methodological limitations present in the current evidence base, it is recommended that more research be conducted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14341.