Abstract
Capacitance resistance models (CRMs) comprise a family of material balance reservoir models that have been applied to primary, secondary and tertiary recovery processes. CRMs predict well flow rates based solely on previously observed production and injection rates, and producers’ bottomhole pressures (BHPs); i.e., a geological model and rock/fluid properties are not required. CRMs can accelerate the learning curve of the geological analysis by providing interwell connectivity maps to corroborate features such as sealing faults and channels, as well as diagnostic plots to determine sweep efficiency and reservoir compartmentalization. Additionally, it is possible to compute oil and water rates by coupling a fractional flow model to CRMs which enables, for example, optimization of injected fluids allocation in mature fields. This literature review covers the spectrum of the CRM theory and conventional reservoir field applications, critically discussing their advantages and limitations, and recommending potential improvements. This review is timely because over the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of publications in this subject; however, a paper dedicated to summarize them has not yet been presented.
Highlights
The purpose of reservoir modeling and simulation is to promote understanding of multiphase porous media flow in geological formations enabling more effective field development strategies.there are several types of reservoir models that can be considered in this process ranging from simple analogs and decline curves to full physics models
Even though such physical meaning has been extended to the gains ( f ij ) in the Capacitance resistance models (CRMs) literature, one must be aware that it is applicable to patterned mature waterfloods when the injection rates and producer’s bottomhole pressures (BHPs) are approximately constant and there are no significant changes in the flow pattern, which is a very restrictive condition
Holanda et al [33] proposed a normalization of the Integrated Capacitance Resistance Model (ICRM) history matching objective functions based on the propagation of error of individual rates in the cumulative production; the results presented for two reservoirs showed better agreement with the connectivity estimates from control volumes in the producer based representation (CRMP) and CRMIP
Summary
Rafael Wanderley de Holanda 1,† , Eduardo Gildin 1, * , Jerry L. Current address: Petrobras America Inc., 10350 Richmond Ave, Houston, TX 77042, USA. Received: 24 September 2018; Accepted: 27 November 2018; Published: 1 December 2018
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