Abstract
Fixed-speed wind generator (FSWG) technology has an important presence in countries where wind energy started to be developed more than a decade ago. This type of technology cannot be directly adapted to the grid codes, for example those requirements related to the immunity level under voltage dips. That behavior is typically referred as low-voltage ride through (LVRT), and it usually implies certain reactive and active power injection requirements, both during a voltage dip and during the voltage recovery. In this context, a review is presented of the LVRT exigencies present in some of the countries with the most advanced grid codes (Denmark, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom). In this paper, the capabilities of STATCOM-based devices for fulfilling the LVRT requirements in FSWGs are analyzed. For this purpose, two technologies are considered: a STATCOM with a supercapacitor, which improves its energy storage features; and a STATCOM with a supercapacitor and a DC-DC converter, to achieve higher discharge levels.
Highlights
Wind power is the most promising renewable energy source due its increasing penetration in the world’s energy mix
This restricted use of wind energy sources is implemented through a continuous updating of their grid codes, where the technical conditions demanded for renewable power plants are stricter, or even more exigent, than those for conventional power plants
The first part of this paper presented the analysis of the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) requirements in the grid codes for a set of countries that represent the worldwide trends in wind energy
Summary
Wind power is the most promising renewable energy source due its increasing penetration in the world’s energy mix. This restricted use of wind energy sources is implemented through a continuous updating of their grid codes, where the technical conditions demanded for renewable power plants are stricter, or even more exigent, than those for conventional power plants Regarding these grid codes, typically one of the most demanding requirements is the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. Grid codes usually establish the required behavior in terms of the active and reactive power generation during this voltage dip [3,4,5,6,7]. One of the main drawbacks is the low energy density on the DC link capacitor installed in the STATCOM; this limits the reactive and active power capability of the STATCOM [16,17].
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