Abstract
BackgroundAlcohol abuse is a major problem worldwide and it affects people’s health and economy. There is a relapse in alcohol intake due to alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol withdrawal anxiety-like behavior is a symptom that appears 6–24 h after the last alcohol ingestion.MethodsThe present study was designed to explore the protective effect of a standardized polyherbal preparation POL-6 in ethanol withdrawal anxiety in Wistar rats. POL-6 was prepared by mixing the dried extracts of six plants Bacopa monnieri, Hypericum perforatum, Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera, Camellia sinesis, and Ocimum sanctum in the proportion 2:1:2:2:1:2 respectively. POL-6 was subjected to phytochemical profiling through LC-MS, HPLC, and HPTLC. The effect of POL-6 on alcohol withdrawal anxiety was tested using a two-bottle choice drinking paradigm model giving animals’ free choice between alcohol and water for 15 days. Alcohol was withdrawn on the 16th day and POL-6 (20, 50, and 100 mg/kg, oral), diazepam (2 mg/kg) treatment was given on the withdrawal days. Behavioral parameters were tested using EPM and LDT. On the 18th day blood was collected from the retro-orbital sinus of the rats and alcohol markers ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were studied. At end of the study, animals were sacrificed and the brain was isolated for exploring the influences of POL-6 on the mRNA expression of GABAA receptor subunits in the amygdala and hippocampus.ResultsPhytochemical profiling showed that POL-6 contains major phytoconstituents like withaferin A, quercetin, catechin, rutin, caeffic acid, and β-sitosterol. In-vivo studies showed that POL-6 possesses an antianxiety effect in alcohol withdrawal. Gene expression studies on the isolated brain tissues showed that POL-6 normalizes the GABAergic transmission in the amygdala and hippocampus of the rats.ConclusionThe study concludes that POL-6 may have therapeutic potential for treating ethanol-type dependence.
Highlights
Alcohol abuse is a major problem worldwide and it affects people’s health and economy
Gene expression studies on the isolated brain tissues showed that POL-6 normalizes the GABAergic transmission in the amygdala and hippocampus of the rats
We carried out the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) profiling of POL-6 further
Summary
Alcohol abuse is a major problem worldwide and it affects people’s health and economy. Alcohol withdrawal anxiety-like behavior is a symptom that appears 6–24 h after the last alcohol ingestion. Negative enthusiastic reactions originating from ethanol withdrawal lead to the resumption of alcohol drinking which is associated with intense craving and desire to take ethanol. Ethanol withdrawal anxiety generally shows up within 6–24 h of restraint from alcohol [3]. Among the different limbic structures, the amygdala and hypothalamus are believed to have an imperative role in modulating ethanol withdrawal anxiety-like behaviors [5]. At present treatment choices for alcohol withdrawal anxiety are not many, for example, benzodiazepines are the main medication, yet their use is associated with sedation, psychological hindrance and addiction. The assurance of new powerful and therapeutically beneficial medications for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal anxiety is imperative [7]
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