Abstract
With the recent progress in indoor spatial data modeling, indoor mapping and indoor positioning technologies, several spatial information services for indoor spaces have been provided like for outdoor spaces. In order to support interoperability between indoor spatial information services, IndoorGML was published by OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) as a standard data model and XML-based exchange format. While the previous standards, such as IFC (Industrial Foundation Classes) and CityGML covering also indoor space, aim at feature modeling, the goal of IndoorGML is to establish a standard basis for the indoor space model. As IndoorGML defines a minimum data model for indoor space, more efforts are required to discover its potential aspects, which are not explicitly explained in the standard document. In this paper, we investigate the implications and potential aspects of IndoorGML and its basic concept of the cellular space model and discuss the implementation issues of IndoorGML for several purposes. In particular, we discuss the issues on cell determination, subspacing and the hierarchical structure of indoor space from the IndoorGML viewpoint. Additionally, we also focus on two important issues: computation of indoor distance and the implementation of indoor context-awareness services based on IndoorGML. We expect that this paper will serve as a technical document for better understanding of IndoorGML throughout these discussions.
Highlights
Since the first GIS was developed in the 1960s, there has been a significant progress in geospatial technologies
We may forecast the future trend that the size of the spatial extent will become much smaller and the user group of geospatial technologies will become bigger, and indoor spatial information services will be an example of this trend
With the increasing demands for indoor spatial information, the standard indoor spatial data model becomes a fundamental component for indoor spatial technologies
Summary
Since the first GIS was developed in the 1960s, there has been a significant progress in geospatial technologies. We may forecast the future trend that the size of the spatial extent will become much smaller and the user group of geospatial technologies will become bigger, and indoor spatial information services will be an example of this trend. IFC (Industrial Foundation Classes) [2] of buildingSMART and CityGML [3] of OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) define exchange data formats for 3D building models and standard spatial data models for indoor space Their spatial data models include feature models rather than space model and do not fully reflect the properties of indoor space, such as indoor topology. In order to overcome the weakness of previous standard spatial data models for indoor space, IndoorGML was published by OGC [4] in 2014 It includes all of the properties addressed in [1]; geometry, symbolic space and network topology.
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