Abstract
A novel microstrip antenna array, which utilizes Giuseppe Peano fractal shaped patches as its radiation elements and adopts a two-layer stacked structure for achieving both wideband and high-gain properties, is proposed. Parametric study estimates that the proposed antenna’s size can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the fractal proportion while high aperture efficiency is maintained. Two prototypes with 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 fractal patches, respectively, on each layer are designed, fabricated, and measured. Both simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the proposed antenna possesses encouraging performances of wideband, high directivity, and high aperture efficiency simultaneously; for example, for the two prototypes, theirS11<-10 dB impedance bandwidths are 23.49% and 18.49%, respectively; at the working frequency of 5.8 GHz, their directivities are 12.2 dBi and 18.2 dBi, and their corresponding aperture efficiencies are up to 91.0% and 90.5%, respectively.
Highlights
Directional antennas with high radiation gain are key devices in many practical applications such as the remote wireless communication
There are countless researches proposed in the literature to design microstrip antennas with high gain or wide bandwidth, but few of them are for both properties together
The intrinsic properties of fractal geometries are conducive to the miniaturization of antenna size and realization of multiband or broadband characteristics [6, 7]; L-shape slot loaded broadband patch antenna for enhancing the gain without affecting the broadband impedance matching characteristics [8]; the artificial magnetic conductor structures are employed as the antenna magnetic ground plane for bandwidth enhancement and radiation gain improvement of patch antenna [9]
Summary
Directional antennas with high radiation gain are key devices in many practical applications such as the remote wireless communication. Due to their attractive features like low weight, low profile, small size, and being easy to manufacture, employing microstrip antennas to form array is a widely adopted method to design directional antennas with high gain. There are countless researches proposed in the literature to design microstrip antennas with high gain or wide bandwidth, but few of them are for both properties together. A novel microstrip antenna array, which employs a two-layer stacked structure and Giuseppe Peano fractal shaped patches for realizing both wideband and high gain properties, is proposed, analyzed, and measured.
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