A split-face study to evaluate the efficacy of Nd

Abstract

Background: Until recently, the removal of ephelides on face was predominantly carried out by using dermabrasion, chemical peeling, and radiofrequency cauterization. As these treatment modalities caused undesirable side effects such as scarring, this study is being performed to compare the effect of ND:YAG laser and radiofrequency to remove ephelides with laser showing better result and fewer side effects. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in the department of dermatology, venerology, and leprology during the period 2017 to 2019 after obtaining clearance from Board of Studies and Ethical committee. Patient was thoroughly examined on the basis of history and examination for a confirm diagnosis. After confirming the diagnosis, the patient's face was divided into left and right sides. On to the right-sided freckles of the face, radiofrequency cauterization was carried out and on left part, Nd:YAG was performed. The objective parameters were estimated at the end of 1 month using global improvement scale and also by evaluating patient's satisfaction score. Photographs of both sides of the face were taken at 0, 1 week, and at 1 month under consistent background, position, and lighting and compared with the pretreatment images. Results: The study population consisted of 9 (18%) males and 41 (82%) females. Distribution of global improvement scores 3 and 4 was significantly more among Nd:YAG laser (65.0% and 10.0%, respectively) compared to radiofrequency ablation (2.5% and 0.0%, respectively). Mean freckle area severity index (FASI) score post-treatment and reduction in score were significantly more among Nd:YAG laser compared to radiofrequency ablation. Erythema, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation were significantly more among radiofrequency ablation. Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser showed satisfactory result in removing freckles in comparison to radiofrequency ablation.