Abstract
Abstract Atmospheric concentrations of NO 2 , HNO 3 , NH 3 , aerosol NH 4 + and NO 3 - , and the bulk deposition of NH 4 + and NO 3 - were measured for two years at ten sites around the West Midlands, UK. Eight of these sites were spread across the 125 km 2 Lichfield nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ). The measured data were interpolated across the area, and by applying land-use specific deposition velocities to the airborne concentrations, seasonal N deposition fluxes to the NVZ were estimated. There was a large spatial variation in deposition flux, driven mainly by land-use, but also by measured concentration gradients. Spatially averaged total flux exhibited a seasonal pattern; peaking in spring-summer. Each measured component contributed a substantial fraction of the total flux, but the importance of each varied seasonally. Oxidised-N and reduced-N fluxes were relatively equal. Annual average flux was approximately 20 kg N ha - 1 yr - 1 .
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