Abstract
Accessibility is a well-established concept in sustainable transportation literature; however, it is often measured through accessibility models that are still being developed. This article presents an accessibility evaluation model that applies multiple attributes, fuzzy functions, and spatial analysis tools. The model determines indices that reflect an average level of attractiveness for each potential destination (deemed a location of interest—LI). Each destination has different weights based on its degree of importance. Moreover, the model was developed in two phases: The first considered cost–distance metrics, and the second incorporated ground friction factors. The application of the model provides great contribution to the region under study (Campos do Jordão, a city located in a mountainous region of the state of São Paulo), thus presenting some implications for sustainable urban planning and mobility policies, especially in segregated areas with mixed inhabitant populations between tourists and local residents. The results have shown that special attention should be paid to planning new school facilities and city transportation systems. Most of these services are currently concentrated in the city’s downtown area, making access to urban facilities inefficient and unfair. Using the results in urban projects, the allocation of future urban facilities or the reallocation of current urban facilities contributes to reduced impacts on urban mobility caused by individual motorized transportation in daily activities.
Highlights
Providing locations with suitable accessibility has become a growing challenge and concern for urban and regional planners
Accessibility is a well-established concept in transportation literature; it is often measured through accessibility models that are still being developed
The concept of access or accessibility can be defined as the relationship between the daily activity in a territory and the transportation system serving said area, under the assumption that spatial interaction or reachability decreases with the increase of travel distance and time needed to reach an opportunity [1,2]
Summary
Providing locations with suitable accessibility has become a growing challenge and concern for urban and regional planners. The concept of access or accessibility can be defined as the relationship between the daily activity in a territory and the transportation system serving said area, under the assumption that spatial interaction or reachability decreases with the increase of travel distance and time needed to reach an opportunity [1,2]. Mobility in cities should provide individuals with access to public services and social functions. Accessibility, in turn, contributes to the mobility of the individual throughout the city, generating and increasing quality of life as well as sustainable development, while influencing the relationship of the spatial position of the dwelling in relation to the opportunities. The ability, quantity, and diversity of possibilities to access activities, services, places, information, and other people is an essential issue in the quality of urban space, serving as a counterpoint to the fragmentation and dispersion found in many contemporary cities [3]
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