A spatial and temporal model of root cohesion in forest soils

Abstract

Root cohesion is an important parameter governing slope stability in steep forested terrain. Forest harvesting impacts root cohesion, and although the temporal effects have been noted, this dynamic parameter is often assumed to be spatially uniform. A model was developed to simulate the variation in root cohesion on a hillslope resulting from various forest management treatments. The model combines physical data on the horizontal rooting distribution of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) together with a temporal relation of root cohesion decay. Harvesting methods examined include clear-cutting, single-tree selection cutting, and strip-cutting. Model outputs are analysed qualitatively for regions of root cohesion minima and quantitatively for the average root cohesion within the simulated hillslope. A selection cutting simulation maintained the highest average root cohesion value, decreasing to only 81% of the preharvest condition. In contrast, the minimum root cohesion following clear-cutting declined to 38% of the preharvest value. Selection and strip-cutting scenarios resulted in smaller areas of reduced root cohesion that were adjacent to areas with high root cohesion. Such partial cutting methods shorten the period of reduced root cohesion following timber harvesting compared with clear-cutting.